Lebitso la lintho tse bonahalang: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Tšimoloho le Litšobotsi
Polyamides, eo hangata e tsejoang e le Nylon, e nang le lebitso la Senyesemane la Polyamide (PA) le boima ba 1.15g/cm3, ke li-resin tsa thermoplastic tse nang le sehlopha se pheta-phetoang sa amide -- [NHCO] -- ho ketane e kholo ea limolek'hule, ho kenyelletsa aliphatic PA, aliphatic. PA le PA e nkhang hamonate.
Mefuta ea Aliphatic PA e mengata, e na le chai e kholo le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng.Lebitso la eona le khethoa ke palo e khethehileng ea liathomo tsa carbon ho monoma ea maiketsetso.E qapiloe ke setsebi se tummeng sa k'hemistri sa Leamerika Carothers le sehlopha sa hae sa lipatlisiso tsa saense.
Nylon ke lentsoe bakeng sa fiber ea polyamide (polyamide), e ka etsoang ka likhoele tse telele kapa tse khutšoanyane.Nylon ke lebitso la khoebo la polyamide fiber, e tsejoang hape e le Nylon.Polyamide (PA) ke aliphatic Polyamide e kopantsoeng hammoho ka tlamo ea amide [NHCO].
Sebopeho sa Limolek'hule
Likhoele tse tloaelehileng tsa nylon li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli.
Sehlopha sa polyhexylenediamine adipate se fumanoa ka condensation ea diamine le diacid.Foromo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale ea molek'hule ea eona e telele ea ketane e tjena:H- [HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Boima ba molek'hule ea mofuta ona oa polyamide hangata ke 17000-23000.
Lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa polyamide li ka fumanoa ho ea ka palo ea liathomo tsa carbon tsa binary amines le diacids tse sebelisoang, 'me li ka khetholloa ka palo e kenyelletsoeng ho polyamide, eo palo ea pele e leng palo ea liathomo tsa carbon tsa binary amines, le ea bobeli. nomoro ke palo ea liathomo tsa carbon tsa diacids.Ka mohlala, polyamide 66 e bontša hore e entsoe ka polycondensation ea hexylenediamine le adipic acid.Nylon 610 e bontša hore e entsoe ka hexylenediamine le sebacic acid.
E 'ngoe e fumanoa ka polycondensation ea caprolactam kapa polymerization e bulang lesale.Foromo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa limolek'hule tsa eona tse telele tsa ketane e tjena:H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Ho ea ka palo ea liathomo tsa carbon ka mohahong oa lihlopha, mabitso a mefuta e sa tšoaneng a ka fumanoa.Ka mohlala, polyamide 6 e bontša hore e fumanoa ka cyclo-polymerization ea caprolactam e nang le liathomo tse 6 tsa carbon.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 le likhoele tse ling tsa aliphatic polyamide kaofela li entsoe ka li-macromolecules tse nang le mela e nang le li-amide bond (-NHCO-).Limolek'hule tsa fiber polyamide li na le -CO-, -NH- lihlopha, li ka etsa litlamo tsa hydrogen ka limolek'hule kapa limolek'hule, li ka boela tsa kopanngoa le limolek'hule tse ling, kahoo bokhoni ba polyamide fiber hygroscopic bo molemo, 'me bo ka etsa sebopeho se molemo sa kristale.
Hobane -CH2-(methylene) ka molek'hule ea polyamide e ka hlahisa matla a fokolang a van der Waals feela, molek'hule oa ketane ea molek'hule ea karolo ea -CH2- karolo e kholoanyane.Ka lebaka la palo e fapaneng ea CH2- ea kajeno, mefuta ea tlamahano ea li-inter-molecular hydrogen bond ha e tšoane ka ho feletseng, 'me monyetla oa hore molek'hule crimping e fapane.Ho feta moo, limolek'hule tse ling tsa polyamide li na le directivity.Tsela ea limolek'hule e fapane, 'me thepa ea sebopeho sa fiber ha e tšoane hantle.
Sebopeho sa Morphological le Tšebeliso
Fiber ea polyamide e fumanoang ka mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha o qhibiliha e na le karolo e chitja ea sefapano mme ha e na sebopeho se khethehileng sa longitudinal.The filamentous fibrillar tissue e ka bonoa tlas'a microscope ea elektronike, 'me bophara ba fibril ea polyamide 66 ke hoo e ka bang 10-15nm.Ka mohlala, fiber ea polyamide e nang le spinneret e nang le sebōpeho se khethehileng e ka etsoa likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tse nang le sebōpeho se khethehileng, tse kang polygonal, sebōpeho sa lekhasi, sekoti joalo-joalo.Sebopeho sa eona sa boemo bo tsepamisitsoeng se amana haufi-ufi le phekolo ea ho otlolla le mocheso nakong ea ho ohla.
Mokokotlo oa macromolecular oa likhoele tse fapaneng tsa polyamide o entsoe ka liathomo tsa carbon le nitrogen.
Fiber e bōpehileng joaloka profile e ka fetola elasticity ea fiber, ea etsa hore fiber e be le thepa e khethehileng ea ho benya le ho ikhohomosa, ho ntlafatsa thepa ea ho tšoara le ho koahela, ho hanela lipilisi, ho fokotsa motlakase o tsitsitseng joalo-joalo.Joalo ka faeba ea triangolo e na le phello ea khanya;Fiber e nang le makhasi a mahlano e na le ho benya ha leseli la mafura, maikutlo a matle a matsoho le ho thibela lipilisi;Fiber e se nang letho ka lebaka la sekoti se ka hare, sekoti se senyenyane, ho boloka mocheso o motle.
Polyamide e na le thepa e ntle e akaretsang, e kenyelletsang thepa ea mochini, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale le ho itšehla thajana, coefficient e tlase ea likhohlano, e thibelang malakabe ho isa boholeng bo itseng, e sebetsa habonolo, 'me e loketse ntlafatso e matlafalitsoeng ka fiber ea khalase le li-filler tse ling. ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho holisa mefuta ea lisebelisoa.
Polyamide e na le mefuta e fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, joalo-joalo, hammoho le PA6T e nkhang hamonate le nylon e khethehileng e ntlafalitsoeng lilemong tsa morao tjena.
Nako ea poso: Feb-14-2022