Lebitso la Boitsebiso: Polyester
Tšimoloho le Litšobotsi
Polyester fiber, eo hangata e tsejoang e le "polyester".Ke fiber ea maiketsetso e entsoeng ka polyester e ohiang e entsoeng ka polycondensation ea organic diacid le diol, e khuts'oane bakeng sa PET fiber, eo e leng ea motsoako o phahameng oa limolek'hule.E qapiloe ka 1941, hajoale ke mofuta o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa fiber ea maiketsetso.Monyetla o moholo oa fiber ea polyester ke ho hanyetsa mats'oenyeho le ho boloka sebopeho se setle haholo, ka matla a holimo le bokhoni ba ho hlaphoheloa.E tiile ka nako e telele, e le khahlanong le wrinkles le moriri o sa tsitsang, o sa thekeseleng.
Polyester (PET) fiber ke mofuta oa fiber ea maiketsetso e entsoeng ka liketane tse fapaneng tsa ketane ea macromolecular e hokahantsoeng ke sehlopha sa ester ebe e ohloa ho polymer ea fiber.Chaena, likhoele tse nang le polyethylene terephthalate tse fetang 85% li bitsoa polyester ka nakoana.Ho na le mabitso a mangata a thepa ea machaba, a kang Dacron ea United States, Tetoron ea Japane, Terlenka ea United Kingdom, Lavsan ea Soviet Union ea mehleng, joalo-joalo.
Khale koana ka 1894, Vorlander e ile ea etsa li-polyester tsa boima bo tlase ba molek'hule ka succinyl chloride le ethylene glycol.Einkorn e entsoe ka polycarbonate ka 1898;Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: Polyester e entsoeng lilemong tsa pele ke motsoako oa aliphatic, boima ba eona ba molek'hule le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha li tlaase, ho bonolo ho qhibiliha ka metsing, kahoo ha e na boleng ba fiber ea textile.Ka 1941, Whinfield le Dickson Brithani ba ile ba etsa polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ho tloha dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) le ethylene glycol (EG), polymer e neng e ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa likhoele tse nang le thepa e babatsehang ka ho qhibiliha ho ohla.Ka 1953, United States e ile ea qala ho theha fektheri ho hlahisa PET fiber, ka mantsoe a mang, PET fiber ke mofuta oa fiber e tsoetseng pele ea morao-rao har'a likhoele tse kholo tsa maiketsetso.
Ka nts'etsopele ea organic synthesis, mahlale a polymer le indasteri, mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele tsa PET tse nang le thepa e fapaneng e ntlafalitsoe lilemong tsa morao tjena.
Tse kang polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber le polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber e nang le elasticity e phahameng e otlolohileng, e tletseng monko o monate oa polyester fiber e nang le matla a holimo-limo le modulus e phahameng, joalo-joalo: seo ho thoeng ke "polyester fiber" hangata ho thoe ke polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Sebaka sa Kopo
Fiber ea polyester e na le letoto la thepa e ntle haholo, joalo ka matla a ho pshatla a phahameng le modulus elastic, botsitso bo itekanetseng, phello e ntle ea mocheso oa mocheso, mocheso o motle le ho hanyetsa khanya.Polyester fiber melting point ke 255 ℃ kapa ho joalo, mocheso oa phetoho oa khalase o ka bang 70 ℃, ka mefuta e mengata ea maemo a ts'ebeliso e tsitsitseng, ho hlatsoa lesela le ho hanyetsa ho roala, ho phaella moo, ho na le impedance e babatsehang (e kang ho hanyetsa solvent ea organic. , sesepa, sesepa, tharollo ea bleach, oxidant) hammoho le ts'ebetso e ntle ea kutu, acid e fokolang, alkali, joalo ka botsitso, ka hona e na le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng le ts'ebeliso ea indasteri.Tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea peterole, hape bakeng sa tlhahiso ea fiber ea polyester ho fana ka thepa e tala e ngata le e theko e tlase, e kopantsoeng le lik'hemik'hale, mochini, theknoloji ea taolo ea elektroniki lilemong tsa morao tjena nts'etsopele ea mahlale, joalo ka thepa e tala ho hlahisa, ho etsa fiber. le tshebetso machining butle-butle finyella nako e khutsoanyane, e tsoelang pele, lebelo le phahameng le automation, polyester fiber e se e le lebelo ka ho fetisisa ntshetsopeleng lebelo, mefuta e sa tsoaneng e behang ka ho fetisisa ea faeba maiketsetso.Ka 2010, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea polyester fiber e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 37.3, e leng karolo ea 74% ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso.
Lintho Tsa 'Mele
1) Mmala.Polyester hangata e na le opalescent e nang le mercerization.Ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa matte, eketsa matte TiO2 pele o ohla;ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse tšoeu tse hloekileng, eketsa moemeli oa whitening;ho hlahisa silika e mebala, eketsa pigment kapa dae ka ho ohia ho qhibiliha.
2) Sebopeho sa sefahleho le sefapano.Bokaholimo ba polyester e tloaelehileng bo boreleli 'me karolo ea sefapano e batla e le chitja.Ka mohlala, fiber e nang le sebōpeho se khethehileng sa karolo, e kang lisekoere tse tharo, tse bōpehileng joaloka Y, tse sekoti le tse ling tse khethehileng tsa silika, li ka etsoa ka ho sebelisa spinneret e khethehileng.
3) Botenya.Ha polyester e le amorphous ka ho feletseng, boima ba eona ke 1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 ha e khantšitsoe ka botlalo.Ka kakaretso, polyester e na le crystallinity e phahameng le boima ba 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, e tšoanang le boea (1.32g / cm3).
4) Sekhahla sa ho khutlisa mongobo.Mongobo o boeleng oa polyester maemong a tloaelehileng ke 0.4%, o tlase ho feta oa acrylic (1% ~ 2%) le polyamide (4%).Polyester e na le hygroscopicity e tlaase, kahoo matla a eona a metsi a fokotseha, 'me lesela le ka hlatsuoa;Empa ts'ebetso ea motlakase e tsitsitseng e tebile ha e sebetsa le ho roala, moea oa lesela le hygroscopicity ha li ntle.
5) Ts'ebetso ea mocheso.Ntho e nolofatsang T ea polyester ke 230-240 ℃, sebaka se qhibilihisang Tm ke 255-265 ℃, 'me ntlha ea ho bola T e ka bang 300 ℃.Polyester e ka chesa mollong, e kobehile 'me ea qhibiliha ho ba lifaha, ka mosi o motšo le monko.
6) Khanyetso e khanyang.Khanyetsano ea eona e bobebe ke ea bobeli feela ho fiber ea acrylic.Ho hanyetsa khanya ha dacron ho amana le sebopeho sa eona sa limolek'hule.Dacron e na le sehlopha se matla sa ho monya feela sebakeng sa leseli la 315nm, kahoo matla a eona a lahleheloa ke 60% feela ka mor'a 600h ea mahlaseli a letsatsi, a tšoanang le k'hothone.
7) Ts'ebetso ea motlakase.Polyester e na le conductivity e fokolang ka lebaka la hygroscopicity ea eona e tlaase, 'me kamehla ea eona ea dielectric ka har'a -100~+160℃ ke 3.0 ~ 3.8, e leng se etsang hore e be insulator e babatsehang.
Thepa ea Mechini
1) Matla a phahameng.Matla a omileng e ne e le 4 ~ 7cN/ DEX, ha matla a metsi a fokotsehile.
2) bolelele bo itekanetseng, 20% ~ 50%.
3) Module e phahameng.Har'a mefuta e mengata e mengata ea li-synthetic fibers, modulus ea pele ea polyester ke eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e ka fihlang ho 14 ~ 17GPa, e etsang hore lesela la polyester le tsitse ka boholo, le se ke la fetoha, le se ke la senyeha le le tšoarellang ha le kopa.
4) Boiketlo bo botle.Ho tenyetseha ha eona ho haufi le boea, 'me ha e atolosoa ka 5%, e batla e hlaphoheloa ka ho feletseng ka mor'a ho tlosoa ha load.Ka hona, khanyetso ea wrinkle ea lesela la polyester e molemo ho feta ea masela a mang a fiber.
5) Apara khanyetso.Ho hanyetsa ha eona ho apara ke ea bobeli ho nylon, 'me ho feta fiber e meng ea maiketsetso, ho hanyetsa ho apara ho batla ho tšoana.
Botsitso ba Lik'hemik'hale
Ho tsitsa ha lik'hemik'hale tsa polyester haholo-holo ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa ketane ea limolek'hule.Polyester e na le khanyetso e ntle ho li-reagents tse ling ntle le ho hanyetsa ha eona ha alkali.
Ho hanyetsa asiti.Dacron e tsitsitse haholo ho li-acids (haholo-holo li-organic acid) 'me e qoelisoa ka tharollo ea hydrochloric acid e nang le karoloana e boima ea 5% ho 100 ℃.
Nako ea poso: Feb-14-2022